Source library

Solar elevation, sunrise, and sunset from latitude, longitude, and date.

Used on: /tools/day-night, /tools/sun-path-comparator, /debunks/local-sun

Reference equations behind solar-position calculators.

Used on: /tools/day-night, /tools/seasons

Independent solar timing tables for cross-checking local predictions.

Used on: /tools/day-night, /experiments/longitude-solar-noon

Phase geometry and illumination basics for Moon-orientation checks.

Used on: /tools/moon-orientation, /debunks/local-moon

Earth-shadow geometry for lunar eclipse timing and shape.

Used on: /debunks/eclipses-do-not-prove-globe, /experiments/lunar-eclipse-shadow

Open sky simulator for star-trail and constellation visibility checks.

Used on: /tools/stars, /tools/circumpolar-star-check, /debunks/southern-stars

How surveyors model Earth as an oblate spheroid, not a flat plane.

Used on: /tools/curvature, /debunks/no-visible-curvature

Readable primer on reference surfaces, gravity, and curvature.

Used on: /about, /debunks/horizon-eye-level

Published mean radius and shape parameters for geometry checks.

Used on: /tools/curvature, /tools/latitude-circumference

Authoritative Earth rotation and reference-frame context.

Used on: /tools/earth-rotation-speed, /tools/effective-gravity, /debunks/earth-not-moving

Atomic time standards that underpin GNSS and navigation timing.

Used on: /tools/gnss, /tools/nmea-live

Independent curvature-drop reference for horizon calculations.

Used on: /tools/curvature, /experiments/shoreline-hidden-height, /experiments/rainy-lake-curvature

Why GNSS fixes need timed ranges from multiple satellites.

Used on: /tools/gnss, /debunks/gnss-without-satellites

Published performance expectations for civilian GNSS.

Used on: /tools/gnss, /experiments/gnss-sky-block

Primary technical standard for GPS signal and positioning behavior.

Used on: /tools/gnss

Step-by-step pseudorange and clock-bias solving.

Used on: /tools/gnss

Geometry dilution and why satellite sky distribution matters.

Used on: /tools/gnss, /experiments/gnss-sky-block

Official overview of the orbiting GPS constellation.

Used on: /debunks/satellites-not-real, /tools/satellite-visibility

Two-line element sets for predicting satellite passes.

Used on: /tools/satellite-visibility, /experiments/satellite-pass-watch

Published southern nonstop service used in great-circle comparisons.

Used on: /tools/flight-paths, /debunks/flights-flat-map

Second verified southern route for distance checks.

Used on: /tools/flight-paths

Southern-hemisphere airline operations and route context.

Used on: /debunks/antarctica-ice-wall, /debunks/flights-flat-map

Official airport coordinates and published route endpoints.

Used on: /tools/flight-paths

Aviation navigation reference for route and heading terminology.

Used on: /tools/aircraft-local-level, /debunks/aircraft-never-dip-nose

International aviation safety and operations standards.

Used on: /debunks/aircraft-never-dip-nose

Why every flat map distorts area, distance, or direction somewhere.

Used on: /tools/map-distortion, /debunks/map-distortion-does-not-matter

Technical background on projection families and trade-offs.

Used on: /tools/map-distortion

Open library used for rigorous map projection math.

Used on: /tools/map-distortion, /tools/flight-paths

Aviation navigation fundamentals including route planning on Earth.

Used on: /tools/flight-paths, /debunks/southern-hemisphere-flights-impossible

Polar logistics and southern-continent operations context.

Used on: /debunks/antarctica-ice-wall